铅锌矿尾矿制备陶粒处理选矿废水

以铅锌矿浮选尾矿为原料,水玻璃和木质素作为添加剂,通过高温焙烧,制备水处理陶粒,并用其对选矿废水进行了吸附处理实验研究。实验结果表明,在不添加任何添加剂的条件下,800℃左右烧制的陶粒对选矿废水的COD吸附效果较好,COD去除率达到87.1%;当木质素+水玻璃作为粘结剂烧制陶粒时,不仅陶粒散落减少,COD的去除率和吸附容量都有所增加,COD去除率达到了88.21%,从而达到了"以废治废"的目的。     

超声波-膜生物法联合处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液

采用超声波-膜生物法(MBR)联合处理垃圾渗滤液,探讨了超声波辐射时间和MBR的水力负荷对COD、NH3-N和TP去除的影响。结果表明,(1)超声波单独处理时,超声波辐射时间在30～90 s时,COD、NH3-N最大增加率分别34.31%、3.36%,而对TP的去除没有影响;(2)超声波-膜生物(MBR)联合处理时,超声波辐射时间为300 s,MBR的水力负荷为6.4 L/(m2.d)时,COD、NH3-N和TP的最佳去除率分别为92.20%、80.10%和91.12%;MBR的水力负荷为12.8 L/(m2.d),超声波辐射时间在5～20 min时,COD、NH3-N的最佳去除率分别为92.34%、79.93%,TP的浓度低于0.2 mg/L;MBR反应时间为7 h,超声波辐射时间为5～20 min,与未进行超声波辐射处理(超声波辐射时间为0 min)相比,COD、NH3-N的去除率增加了11.37%、15.26%;超声波预处理有助于提高后续MBR对COD、NH3-N的去除作用。     

Boron sorption from aqueous solution by hydrotalcite and its preliminary application in geothermal water deboronation

Hydrotalcite and its calcination product were used to treat pure water spiked with various concentrations of boron and geothermal water containing boron as a major undesirable element. The kinetics process of boron sorption by uncalcined hydrotalcite is controlled by the diffusion of boron from bulk solution to sorbent-solution boundary film and its exchange with interlayer chloride of hydrotalcite, whereas the removal rate of boron by calcined hydrotalcite rests with the restoration process of its layered structure. The results of isotherm sorption experiments reveal that calcined hydrotalcite generally has much stronger ability to lower solution boron concentration than uncalcined hydrotalcite. The combination of adsorption of boron on the residue of MgO–Al₂O₃ solid solution and intercalation of boron into the reconstructed hydrotalcite structure due to “structural memory effect” is the basic mechanism based on which the greater boron removal by calcined hydrotalcite was achieved. As 15 geothermal water samples were used to test the deboronation ability of calcined hydrotalcite at 65 °C, much lower boron removal efficiencies were observed. The competitive sorption of the other anions in geothermal water, such as HCO₃ ^?, SO₄ ^2?, and F^?, is the reason why calcined hydrotalcite could not remove boron from geothermal water as effectively as from pure boron solution. However, boron removal percents ranging from 89.3 to 99.0 % could be obtained if 50 times of sorbent were added to the geothermal water samples. Calcined hydrotalcite is a good candidate for deboronation of geothermal water.     

PCF型湿式脱硫除尘器入口结构优化

以PCF型湿式脱硫除尘器为物理模型,利用Fluent软件包,采用RNGк-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对装置内三维流场进行数值模拟.模拟结果发现,原倾斜入口(A)的装置内烟气分布不均匀.提出了水平入口(B)、左入口(C)、右入口(D)3种优化结构,并分别对A、B、C、D入口装置内气流速度、湍流强度与压降进行了模拟分析.结果表明,C、D入口使装置内气流速度分布更加均匀,且增强了装置内湍流强度,但C入口会导致压降增加,因此最佳入口为D.最后,针对入口D装置中的低速区,模拟分析了30°、45°与54°3种不同切入角度,得出45 °效果最佳.     

Characteristics of penicillin bacterial residue

A hybrid selective noncatalytic reduction/selective catalytic reduction (SNCR/SCR) system that uses two types of technology, low-temperature SCR process and SNCR process, was designed to develop nitrogen oxide (NO_x) reduction technology. SCR was conducted with space velocity (SV) = 2400 hr^?1 and hybrid SNCR/SCR with SV = 6000 hr^?1, since the study focused on reducing the amount of catalyst and both achieved 98% NO_x reduction efficiency. Characteristics of NO_x reduction by NH₃ were studied for low-temperature SCR system at 150 °C using Mn-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst. Mn-added V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst was produced, and selective catalyst reduction of NO_x by NH₃ was experimented. NO_x reduction rate according to added Mn content in Mn-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst was studied with varying conditions of reaction temperature, normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR), SV, and O₂ concentration. In the catalyst experiment according to V₂O₅ concentration, 1 wt.% V₂O₅ catalyst showed the highest NO_x reduction rate: 98% reduction at temperature window of 200~250 °C. As a promoter of the V₂O₅ catalyst, 5 wt.% Mn was added, and the catalyst showed 47~90% higher efficiency even with low temperatures, 100~200 °C. Mn-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst, prepared by adding 5 wt.% Mn in V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst, showed increments of catalyst activation at 150 °C as well as NO_x reduction. Mn-V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst showed 8% higher rate for NO_x reduction compared with V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst in 150 °C SCR. Thus, (5 wt.%)Mn-(1 wt.%)V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst was applied in SCR of hybrid SNCR/SCR system of low temperature at 150 °C. Low-temperature SCR hybrid SNCR/SCR (150 °C) system and hybrid SNCR/SCR (350 °C) showed 91~95% total reduction rate with conditions of SV = 2400~6000 hr^?1 SCR and 850~1050 °C SNCR, NSR = 1.5~2.0, and 5% O₂. Hybrid SNCR/SCR (150 °C) system proved to be more effective than the hybrid SNCR/SCR (350 °C) system at low temperature.

Implications:?NO_x control is very important, since they are the part of greenhouse gases as well as the cause of acid rain and ozone hole. A technology, so-called hybrid SNCR/SCR process, was tested using Mn-V₂O₅/TiO₂ monolithic catalyst for NO_x reduction, and the method is promising. The results of this study would provide some ideas to parties such as policy makers, environmental engineers, and so on.     

活性炭吸附-Fenton氧化处理高盐有机废水

采用活性炭吸附-Fenton氧化耦合工艺处理高盐度难降解有机废水的性能。考察了不同工艺参数对活性炭吸附及Fenton氧化对高盐有机废水处理效率的影响。结果表明,采用活性炭单独处理时,在pH=6.0,活性炭投加量为9.0g/L,吸附时间为60 min条件下,COD去除率最大,达到47.5%。活性炭吸附处理后,废水再采用Fenton氧化处理,在FeSO4.7H2O投加量为3.0 g/L,H2O2投加量为4.7 g/L,反应时间为30 min条件下,COD去除率最大,达到84.4%。整体而言,经过活性炭吸附和Fenton氧化处理后,废水COD由初始浓度13 650 mg/L降至560 mg/L,去除率达到95.9%。活性炭吸附-Fenton氧化耦合工艺适合高盐度难降解有机废水的处理。     

天然锰砂去除水中的砷

天然锰砂是一种廉价、高效的水处理用材料,但尚未用于水中砷的去除。实验研究了反应时间、砷形态、初始砷浓度、温度、溶液初始pH对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,天然锰砂对As(Ⅲ)的吸附能力大于As(Ⅴ)。25℃时,固液比为10 g/L的条件下,天然锰砂对初始浓度为5.0 mg/L的砷溶液吸附过程经72 h基本达到平衡,平衡时对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除率分别达到94.5%和85.9%。吸附过程符合Lagergren准一级反应动力学模型和假二级反应动力学模型。相比之下,假二级动力学模型拟合程度更高。对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ),45℃时的吸附量均大于25℃时。不同温度下,天然锰砂对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。在溶液初始pH为3～10范围内,锰砂对砷的吸附能力受pH的影响较小。实验结果表明,天然锰砂是一种具有实际应用潜力的除砷材料。     

纳污水体中好氧脱氮菌的筛选与氨氮去除特性

采用异养硝化培养基从城市纳污水体中富集好氧脱氮菌，将得到的富集菌种分离纯化，得到1株好氧脱氮菌NC1，对氨氮的去除率为72.6%；好氧菌株NC1繁殖较快，生长3~4 h即进入对数生长期，有一定实用意义。考察了在不同条件下菌NC1对氨氮的去除效果，发现当pH为6~9之间、转速超过100 r/min、温度为30℃、碳氮比为6~12时对氨氮的去除效果较好。NC1在去除氨氮过程中pH值升高，且能在异养条件下利用亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐生长。     

添加剂对烟气脱硫的强化作用

采用鼓泡式烟气脱硫反应装置,研究了己二酸、硫酸镁、无机盐A和无机盐B等4种添加剂的脱硫强化作用。实验结果表明:4种添加剂均能较明显地提高脱硫浆液的脱硫率,且添加无机盐A和无机盐B的脱硫效果更好;随着添加剂加入量的增加,脱硫率逐渐提高,综合考虑,本实验适宜的添加剂加入量为1.0 g/L。现场实际应用中加入质量比为1∶1的无机盐A和无机盐B作为复合添加剂,在使用2台循环泵、烟气流量约1 020 km3/h、初始SO2质量浓度由2 981 mg/Nm3增加至约3 843 mg/Nm3的条件下,脱硫率仍由81.79%提高到89.92%。     

高校学生安全素质定量评价方法研究

本文通过运用层次分析法和发放调查问卷，对高校学生的安全素质进行分析，提出高校学生安全素质定量评价方法，并以首都经济贸易大学学生为实例进行应用研究，为高校的安全管理和校园安全文化建设提供参考。